Abstract
Background
Inspiratory muscle weakness has been observed in patients with stroke. Inspiratory muscle training is an intervention that has shown possible effects for functional recovery of patients with stroke.
Objectives
To investigate the effect and safety of inspiratory muscle training for improving activities of daily living, respiratory muscle function, quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness after stroke.
Search methods
We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group’s Trials Register (August 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, October Issue 4), MEDLINE (1948 to October 2011), EMBASE (1974 to October 2011), CINAHL (1982 to October 2011), AMED (1985 to October 2011), PEDro (October 2011) and four Chinese databases. In an effort to identify further published, unpublished and ongoing trials, we searched ongoing trials registers and conference proceedings, checked reference lists, and contacted authors of relevant studies and training devices manufactures. There were no language restrictions.
Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing inspiratory muscle training with no intervention, sham inspiratory muscle training or other cardiorespiratory training for patients with stroke were eligible.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. The primary outcomes were activities of daily living and respiratory muscle strength; the secondary outcomes were quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness and adverse effects.
Main results
We included two trials involving a total of 66 patients in this review. Pooling analyses of data was not possible due to considerable heterogeneity between the trials and a lack of data in both trials. One study found a significant increase in respiratory muscle strength favouring inspiratory muscle training over sham inspiratory muscle training, but there was no significant difference between groups on quality of life. The other study showed that patients receiving inspiratory muscle training were more likely to improve their activities of daily living, quality of life and cardiorespiratory fitness than those patients who received no intervention. However, the main results were not compared directly with breathing retraining. Furthermore, neither of the trials assessed the safety and tolerance of inspiratory muscle training.
Authors’ conclusions
There is insufficient evidence to support inspiratory muscle training as an effective treatment to improve function after stroke, and no evidence relating to the safety of inspiratory muscle training. Further well-designed RCTs are required.
Plain language summary
Inspiratory muscle training for the recovery of function after stroke
Inspiratory muscle training involves the training of specific muscles including diaphragmatic muscles and external intercostal muscles. When these muscles contract, they act to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, which forces air into the lungs. Routine training of inspiratory muscles is performed using a training device that gives the participants an inhale resistance set according to their endurance or maximal inspiratory pressure during inspiration. Inspiratory muscle training aimed to improve the strength and endurance of the inspiratory muscles, which has shown possible effects for functional recovery after stroke.
The authors found two small heterogeneous randomised trials that investigated the effect of inspiratory muscle training. These studies do not provide enough evidence to draw any conclusions about the effect of inspiratory muscle training for patients with stroke. There is also no evidence relating to the safety of inspiratory muscle training. Future well-designed studies are needed.
