Motorcycle rider training for the prevention of road traffic crashes
Abstract Background Riding a motorcycle (a two-wheeled vehicle that is powered by a motor and has no pedals) is associated with a high risk of fatal crashes, particularly in new riders. Motorcycle rider training has therefore been suggested as an important means of reducing the number of crashes, and the severity of injuries. Objectives To […]
Bradykinin beta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The release of kinins is thought to be an important factor in the development of […]
Interventions for apathy after traumatic brain injury
Abstract Background Apathy is a deficiency in overt behavioural, emotional and cognitive components of goal-directed behaviour. It is a common occurrence after traumatic brain injury (TBI), with widespread impact. We have systematically reviewed studies examining the effectiveness of interventions for apathy in the TBI population. Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of interventions for apathy in […]
Magnesium for acute traumatic brain injury
Abstract Background Acute traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults. Numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological tools have been investigated and considered as potential mechanisms for improving neurological outcome. Magnesium has been considered as one of these potential therapeutic tools because of its activity on NMDA-receptors, calcium channels and neuron […]
Intervention for dysarthria associated with acquired brain injury in children and adolescents
Abstract Background The term ‘acquired brain injury’ (ABI) incorporates a range of aetiologies including cerebrovascular accident, brain tumour and traumatic brain injury. ABI is a common cause of disability in the paediatric population, and dysarthria is a common and often persistent sequelae associated with ABI in children. Objectives To assess the efficacy of intervention delivered […]
Bicycle helmet legislation for the uptake of helmet use and prevention of head injuries
Abstract Background Evidence exists to suggest that bicycle helmets may reduce the risk of head injuries to cyclists, however helmets are not uniformly worn by all bicycle users. Legislation has been enacted in some countries and jurisdictions to mandate helmet use by cyclists, however the issue remains controversial with opponents arguing that helmet laws may […]
Helmets for preventing injury in motorcycle riders
Abstract Background Motorcycle crash victims form a high proportion of those killed or injured in road traffic crashes. Injuries to the head, following motorcycle crashes, are a common cause of severe morbidity and mortality. It seems intuitive that helmets should protect against head injuries but it has been argued that motorcycle helmet use decreases rider […]
Monoaminergic agonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Abstract Background Although there have been considerable gains in understanding the cascade of events that lead to secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), efforts to translate this understanding into new therapeutic, so-called neuroprotective approaches, have so far proved disappointing. As an alternative, there is growing interest in approaches to enhance brain repair after injury. […]
Nutritional support for head-injured patients
Abstract Background Head injury increases the body’s metabolic responses, and therefore nutritional demands. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is associated with improved outcome. The best route for administering nutrition (parenterally (TPN) or enterally (EN)), and the best timing of administration (for example, early versus late) of nutrients needs to be established. Objectives To […]
Pharmacological management for agitation and aggression in people with acquired brain injuries
Abstract Background Of the many psychiatric symptoms that may result from brain injury, agitation and/or aggression are often the most troublesome. It is therefore important to evaluate the efficacy of psychotropic medication used in its management. Objectives To evaluate the effects of drugs for agitation and/or aggression following acquired brain injury (ABI). Search methods We […]