Care delivery and self-management strategies for children with epilepsy
Abstract Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder affecting both children and adults. Epileptic seizures are the result of excessive and abnormal cortical cell electrical activity in the brain. In response to criticism that epilepsy care for children has little impact on long‐term outcomes, healthcare professionals and administrators have developed various service models and strategies to […]
Chloral hydrate as a sedating agent for neurodiagnostic procedures in children
Abstract Background This is an updated version of a Cochrane Review published in 2017. Paediatric neurodiagnostic investigations, including brain neuroimaging and electroencephalography (EEG), play an important role in the assessment of neurodevelopmental disorders. The use of an appropriate sedative agent is important to ensure the successful completion of the neurodiagnostic procedures, particularly in children, who […]
Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy
Abstract Background Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood. Mechanically assisted walking training can be provided with or without body weight support to enable children with cerebral palsy to perform repetitive practice of complex gait cycles. It is important to examine the effects of mechanically assisted walking training to identify evidence‐based treatments […]
Mechanically assisted walking training for walking, participation, and quality of life in children with cerebral palsy
Abstract Background Cerebral palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood. Mechanically assisted walking training can be provided with or without body weight support to enable children with cerebral palsy to perform repetitive practice of complex gait cycles. It is important to examine the effects of mechanically assisted walking training to identify evidence‐based treatments […]
Stem cell-based interventions for the prevention of morbidity and mortality following hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy in newborn infants
Abstract Background Hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of mortality and long‐term neurological sequelae, affecting thousands of children worldwide. Current therapies to treat HIE are limited to cooling. Stem cell‐based therapies offer a potential therapeutic approach to repair or regenerate injured brain tissue. These preclinical findings have now culminated in ongoing human neonatal trials. Objectives To […]
Tonsillectomy versus tonsillotomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children
Abstract Background Obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (oSDB) is a condition encompassing breathing problems when asleep due to upper airway obstruction. In children, hypertrophy of the tonsils and/or adenoids is thought to be the commonest cause. As such, (adeno)tonsillectomy has long been the treatment of choice. A rise in partial removal of the tonsils over the last […]
EEG for children with complex febrile seizures
Abstract Background Febrile seizures can be classified as simple or complex. Complex febrile seizures are associated with fever that lasts longer than 15 minutes, occur more than once within 24 hours, and are confined to one side of the child’s body. It is common in some countries for doctors to recommend an electroencephalograph (EEG) for […]
Anti-inflammatory medications for obstructive sleep apnea in children
Abstract Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterised by partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. Approximately 1% to 4% of children are affected by OSA, with adenotonsillar hypertrophy being the most common underlying risk factor. Surgical removal of enlarged adenoids or tonsils is the currently recommended first‐line treatment for OSA due to adenotonsillar […]
Beginning reading interventions for children and adolescents with intellectual disability
Abstract Background Historically, students with intellectual disability were not expected to learn to read, and thus were excluded from reading instruction. Over the past decades, societal expectations for this group of learners have changed in that children and adolescents with intellectual disability are now expected to be provided with, and benefit from, literacy instruction. This […]
Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disabilities in children in high‐income countries. Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in CP. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) is considered the first‐line treatment for focal spasticity in people with CP. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of BoNT‐A compared to […]