Interferon Beta for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract Background This is an updated Cochrane review of the previous version published (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006643. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006643.pub2). Therapeutic trials with ß-interferon in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have mainly focused on remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS), demonstrating a reduction in relapse rate. However, there is not enough evidence about […]
Treatment of seizures in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Epileptic seizures occur in only a minority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but can have serious consequences. The available literature suggests an association of seizures in MS with cortical and subcortical demyelinating lesions, which suggest that seizures in MS are probably most often symptomatic rather that idiopathic. It is currently unknown whether […]
Recombinant interferon beta or glatiramer acetate for delaying conversion of the first demyelinating event to multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Immunomodulatory drugs have been shown to be only modestly effective in clinically definite relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). It has been hypothesized that their efficacy could be higher if used at the first appearance of symptoms, that is in the clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) suggestive of demyelinating events, a pathology which carries a […]
Corticosteroids for the long-term treatment in multiple sclerosis
bstract Background Short term high dose corticosteroid treatment improves symptoms and short term disability after an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS) but it is unknown whether its long-term use can reduce the accumulation of disability. Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of long-term corticosteroid use in MS. Search methods We searched The Cochrane […]
Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Azathioprine is the most widely used immunosuppressive treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS). It is an alternative to interferon beta for treating MS also because it is less expensive. Concerns about its safety, mainly a possible increased risk of malignancy, has limited its use. Objectives To compare azathioprine versus placebo. To determine the effect […]
Methotrexate for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Methotrexate is a potent immunosuppressant which in theory could reduce relapse rates and delay disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). Subsequently, clinical trials of methotrexate have been conducted in people with MS. Objectives To identify and summarise the evidence that methotrexate is beneficial and safe for people with MS. Search methods We searched […]
Interferon in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Recombinant interferons have been shown to suppress both the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of disease activity in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Objectives The objective of this review was to assess the effects of recombinant interferons in adults with RRMS. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Multiple Sclerosis […]
Cyclophosphamide for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis is a presumed cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Cyclophosphamide (CFX) is a cytotoxic and immunosuppressive agent, used in systemic autoimmune diseases. Controversial results have been reported on its efficacy in MS. We conducted a systematic review of all relevant trials, evaluating the efficacy of CFX in patients with […]
Amantadine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Fatigue is one of the most common and disabling symptoms of people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The effective management of fatigue has an important impact on the patient’s functioning, abilities, and quality of life. Although a number of strategies have been devised for reducing fatigue, treatment recommendations are based on a limited amount […]
Treatment for ataxia in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Disabling tremor or ataxia is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and up to 80% of patients experience tremor or ataxia at some point during their disease. A variety of treatments are available, ranging from pharmacotherapy or stereotactic neurosurgery to neurorehabilitation. Objectives To assess the efficacy and tolerability of both pharmacological and non-pharmacologic treatments […]