Treatment for ataxia in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Disabling tremor or ataxia is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and up to 80% of patients experience tremor or ataxia at some point during their disease. A variety of treatments are available, ranging from pharmacotherapy or stereotactic neurosurgery to neurorehabilitation. Objectives To assess the efficacy and tolerability of both pharmacological and non-pharmacologic treatments […]
Psychological interventions for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background The unpredictable, variable nature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and the possibility of increasing disability, means that a diagnosis can have substantial psychological consequences. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with MS. Search methods We searched the Cochrane MS Group Specialised Register (December 2004), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials […]
Aminopyridines for symptomatic treatment in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background The potassium channel blockers 4-aminopyridine (AP) and 3,4-diaminopyridine (DAP) increase nerve conduction in demyelinated nerve fibers, and have been proposed as a symptomatic therapy for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives To determine the efficacy and safety of aminopyridines for neurological deficits in adults with MS. Search methods We searched the Cochrane MS […]
Exercise therapy for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background No intervention has proven effective in modifying long-term disease prognosis in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) but exercise therapy is considered to be an important part of symptomatic and supportive treatment for these patients. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of exercise therapy for patients with MS in terms of activities of daily living and health-related […]
Bladder training for urinary incontinence in adults
Abstract Background Urinary incontinence is a common and distressing problem. Bladder training aims to increase the interval between voids and is widely used for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Objectives To assess the effects of bladder training for the treatment of urinary incontinence. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Trials Register (searched […]
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, recurrent and progressive illness with no cure. On the basis of speculative pathophysiology, it has been suggested that Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) may slow or reverse the progress of the disease. Objectives The object of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HBOT in […]
Anti-spasticity agents for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Spasticity is a common problem in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients causing pain, spasms, loss of function and difficulties in nursing care. A variety of oral and parenteral medications are available. Objectives To assess the absolute and comparative efficacy and tolerability of anti-spasticity agents in MS patients. Search methods We searched the Cochrane MS […]
Occupational therapy for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are referred to occupational therapy with complaints about fatigue, limb weakness, alteration of upper extremity fine motor coordination, loss of sensation and spasticity that causes limitations in performance of activities of daily living and social participation. The primary purpose of occupational therapy is to enable individuals to participate in […]
Intravenous immunoglobulins for multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Animal experiments suggest that intravenous immunoglobulins can reverse some of the disease process of central nervous system demyelination. Subsequently, clinical trials of intravenous immunoglobulins have been conducted in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives To identify and summarise the evidence that intravenous immunoglobulins are safe and beneficial for people with MS. Search methods […]
Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis
Abstract Background Corticosteroids are commonly used to improve the rate of recovery from acute exacerbation in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. However, it is unclear just how effective these agents are and which is the best treatment schedule (type of drug, dose, frequency, duration of treatment and route of administration). This review is un update of […]