Opioids for restless legs syndrome
Abstract Background Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a distressing and common neurological disorder that may have a huge impact in the quality of life of those with frequent and intense symptoms. Patients complain of unpleasant sensations in the legs, at or before bedtime, and feel an urge to move the legs, which improves with movement, […]
Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Abstract Background This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004, and previously updated in 2009 (no change in conclusions). Cervical dystonia is a frequent and disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. Botulinum toxin type A (BtA) is usually considered the first line therapy for this condition, although botulinum toxin […]
Alprazolam for essential tremor
Abstract Background Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders. Treatment is based primarily on pharmacological agents. On this basis, although primidone and propranolol are well-established treatments in clinical practice, they could be ineffective in 25% to 55% of patients and can produce serious adverse events (AEs) in a large percentage of […]
Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia
Abstract Background Tardive dyskinesia is a chronic and disabling abnormal movement disorder affecting the muscles of the face, neck, tongue and the limbs. It is a common side effect of long-term antipsychotic medication use in individuals with schizophrenia and other related psychotic disorders. While there are no known effective treatments for tardive dyskinesia to date, […]
Exercise for improving balance in older people
Abstract Background In older adults, diminished balance is associated with reduced physical functioning and an increased risk of falling. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2007. Objectives To examine the effects of exercise interventions on balance in older people, aged 60 and over, living in the community or in institutional […]
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome
Abstract Background According to clinical guidelines, dopamine agonists are the first-line treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS). Objectives To evaluate efficacy and safety of dopamine agonists for RLS. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL, from January 1985 to December […]
Levodopa for the treatment of restless legs syndrome
Abstract Background Levodopa plus dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor is a common treatment for restless legs syndrome (RLS). Objectives To evaluate efficacy and safety of levodopa for RLS compared to placebo and other active agents. Search methods We searched CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 4), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL, from January 1985 to December 2008, […]
Cannabinoids for Tourette’s Syndrome
Abstract Background Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by the presence of chronic motor and phonic tics. Drugs currently used in the treatment of GTS either lack efficacy or are associated with intolerable side effects. There is some anecdotal and experimental evidence that cannabinoids may be effective in treating […]
Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia
Abstract Background This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in Issue 3, 2004 of The Cochrane Library and previously updated in 2007. The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia is currently the treatment of choice for management of this neurological voice disorder. Over the past 20 years, botulinum […]
Therapeutic interventions for disease progression in Huntington’s disease
Abstract Background Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease with an average onset between the fourth and fifth decade of life; it leads to death 15 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms. Although several drugs seem effective in controlling the incapacitating manifestations of HD, no specific therapy is known. The present […]