Light therapy for improving cognition, activities of daily living, sleep, challenging behaviour, and psychiatric disturbances in dementia
Abstract Background Rest-activity and sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the endogenous circadian rhythm generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Degenerative changes in the SCN appear to be a biological basis for circadian disturbances in people with dementia, and might be reversed by stimulation of the SCN by light. Objectives The review examines […]
Metal protein attenuating compounds for the treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) may be caused by the formation of extracellular senile plaques comprised of beta-amyloid (Aß). In vitro and mouse model studies have demonstrated that metal protein attenuating compounds (MPACs) promote the solubilisation and clearance of Aß. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of metal protein attenuating compounds (MPACs) for the treatment of […]
Respite care for people with dementia and their carers
Abstract Background Caring for someone with dementia can be emotionally and physically demanding. Respite care is any intervention designed to give rest or relief to caregivers. It is not clear what positive and negative effects such care may have on them, or on people with dementia. Objectives To assess the benefits and harms of respite […]
Thiamine for prevention and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome in people who abuse alcohol
Abstract Background Autopsy studies suggest that Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is not a rare disorder, particularly in individuals who abuse alcohol. Thiamine has been established as the treatment of choice for over 50 years, but uncertainty remains about appropriate dosage and duration. Current practice guidelines are based on case reports and clinical experience. This is an […]
Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia
Abstract Background Cognitive impairments, particularly memory problems, are a defining feature of the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation are specific interventional approaches designed to address difficulties with memory and other aspects of cognitive functioning. The present review is an update of previous versions of this review. […]
Flow-regulated versus differential pressure-regulated shunt valves for adult patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
Abstract Background Since 1965 many ventriculo-peritoneal shunt systems have been inserted worldwide to treat hydrocephalus. The most frequent indication in adults is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), a condition that can be difficult to diagnose precisely. Surgical intervention with flow-regulated and differential pressure-regulated ventriculo-peritoneal shunts remains controversial. Knowledge about the benefits and harms of these interventions […]
Rivastigmine for vascular cognitive impairment
Abstract Background Vascular dementia represents the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease. In older patients, in particular, the combination of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is common, and is referred to as mixed dementia. The classification of vascular dementia broadly follows three clinico-pathological processes: multi-infarct dementia, single strategic infarct dementia and subcortical […]
Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia
Abstract Background Antipsychotic agents are often used to treat neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia, although the literature is sceptical about their long-term use for this indication. Their effectiveness is limited and there is concern about adverse effects, including higher mortality with long-term use. When behavioural strategies have failed and drug therapy is instituted, regular attempts […]
Huperzine A for mild cognitive impairment
Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been proposed as a condition of intermediate symptomatology between the cognitive changes of ageing and fully developed symptoms of dementia. Treatment in the stages of MCI may delay the deterioration of cognitive impairment and delay the progression to dementia. Currently, the treatments for Alzheimer’s disease have been focused […]
Psychosocial interventions for reducing antipsychotic medication in care home residents
Abstract Background Antipsychotic medication is regularly prescribed in care homes to control ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia’ despite moderate efficacy, significant adverse effects, and available non-pharmacological alternatives. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions to reduce antipsychotic medication in care home residents. Search methods The Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group’s Specialized Register, […]