Blood pressure‐lowering treatment for preventing recurrent stroke, major vascular events, and dementia in patients with a history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack
Abstract Background Stroke is an important cause of death and disability worldwide. Since high blood pressure is an important risk factor for stroke and stroke recurrence, drugs that lower blood pressuremight play an important role in secondary stroke prevention. Objectives To investigate whether blood pressure‐lowering drugs (BPLDs) started at least 48 hours after the index […]
De‐escalation techniques for managing non‐psychosis induced aggression in adults
Abstract Background Aggression occurs frequently within health and social care settings. It can result in injury to patients and staff and can adversely affect staff performance and well‐being. De‐escalation is a widely used and recommended intervention for managing aggression, but the efficacy of the intervention as a whole and the specific techniques that comprise it […]
Environmental and behavioural modifications for improving food and fluid intake in people with dementia
Abstract Background Weight loss, malnutrition and dehydration are common problems for people with dementia.Environmental modifications such as, change of routine, context or ambience at mealtimes, or behavioural modifications, such as education or training of people with dementia or caregivers, may be considered to try to improve food and fluid intake and nutritional status ofpeople with […]
Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non‐ICU settings
Abstract Background Delirium is a common clinical syndrome defined as alterations in attention with an additional disturbance in cognition or perception, which develop over a short period of time and tend to fluctuate during the course of the episode. Delirium is commonly treated in hospitals or community settings and is often associated with multiple adverse […]
Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following non-cardiac and non-neurosurgical procedures in adults
Abstract Background Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) may complicate a patient’s postoperative recovery in several ways. Monitoring of processed electroencephalogram (EEG) or evoked potential (EP) indices may prevent or minimize POD and POCD, probably through optimization of anaesthetic doses. Objectives To assess whether the use of processed EEG or auditory evoked potential […]
L‐ornithine L‐aspartate for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis
Abstract Background Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of cirrhosis and has high associated morbidity and mortality. The condition is classified as overt if it is clinically apparent orminimal if only evident though psychometric testing. The exact pathogenesis of this syndrome is unknown although ammonia is thought to play a key role. L‐ornithineL‐aspartate has ammonia‐lowering […]
Processed electroencephalogram and evoked potential techniques for amelioration of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following non‐cardiac and non‐neurosurgical procedures in adults
Abstract Background Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) may complicate a patient’s postoperative recovery in several ways. Monitoring of processed electroencephalogram (EEG) or evoked potential (EP) indices may prevent or minimize POD and POCD, probably through optimization of anaesthetic doses. Objectives To assess whether the use of processed EEG or auditory evoked potential […]
Pharmacological interventions for apathy in Alzheimer’s disease
Abstract Background Despite the high prevalence of apathy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and its harmful effects, there are currently no therapies proven to treat this symptom. Recently, a number of pharmacological therapies have been investigated as potential treatments for apathy in AD. Objectives Objective 1: To assess the safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapies for the […]
Personally tailored activities for improving psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia in long-term care
Abstract Background People with dementia who are being cared for in long-term care settings are often not engaged in meaningful activities. Offering them activities which are tailored to their individual interests and preferences might improve their quality of life and reduce challenging behaviour. Objectives ∙ To assess the effects of personally tailored activities on psychosocial […]
18F PET with florbetapir for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease dementia and other dementias in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Abstract Background 18F-florbetapir uptake by brain tissue measured by positron emission tomography (PET) is accepted by regulatory agencies like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agencies (EMA) for assessing amyloid load in people with dementia. Its added value is mainly demonstrated by excluding Alzheimer’s pathology in an established dementia diagnosis. However, […]