Motivational interviewing for alcohol misuse in young adults
bstract Background Alcohol use and misuse in young people is a major risk behaviour for mortality and morbidity. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a popular technique for addressing excessive drinking in young adults. Objectives To assess the effects of motivational interviewing (MI) interventions for preventing alcohol misuse and alcohol-related problems in young adults. Search methods We […]
Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people
Abstract Background There are increasing concerns regarding pharmaceutical opioid harms including overdose and dependence, with an associated increase in treatment demand. People dependent on pharmaceutical opioids appear to differ in important ways from people who use heroin, yet most opioid agonist treatment research has been conducted in people who use heroin. Objectives To assess the […]
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
Abstract Background Withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the endpoint of long-term substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions involving the use of alpha2-adrenergic agonists compared with placebo, reducing doses of methadone, symptomatic medications, or an alpha2-adrenergic agonist regimen different to the experimental intervention, for the management of […]
Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine dependence is a public health problem characterised by recidivism and a host of medical and psychosocial complications. Cocaine dependence remains a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and the acceptability of antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence. Search methods This review is an update […]
Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco
Abstract Background Overeating and harmful alcohol and tobacco use have been linked to the aetiology of various non-communicable diseases, which are among the leading global causes of morbidity and premature mortality. As people are repeatedly exposed to varying sizes and shapes of food, alcohol and tobacco products in environments such as shops, restaurants, bars and […]
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine misuse is a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists. Advances in neurobiology could guide future medication development. Objectives To investigate the efficacy and acceptability of dopamine agonists alone or in combination with any psychosocial intervention for the treatment of of people who misuse cocaine. Search methods We run […]
Psychosocial interventions for benzodiazepine harmful use, abuse or dependence
Abstract Background Benzodiazepines (BZDs) have a sedative and hypnotic effect upon people. Short term use can be beneficial but long term BZD use is common, with several risks in addition to the potential for dependence in both opiate and non-opiate dependent patients. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for treating BZD harmful use, […]
Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine dependence is a major public health problem that is characterised by recidivism and a host of medical and psychosocial complications. Although effective pharmacotherapy is available for alcohol and heroin dependence, none is currently available for cocaine dependence, despite two decades of clinical trials primarily involving antidepressant, anticonvulsivant and dopaminergic medications. Extensive consideration […]
Pharmacotherapy for anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders
Abstract Background Anxiety disorders are a potentially disabling group of disorders that frequently co-occur with alcohol use disorders. Comorbid anxiety and alcohol use disorders are associated with poorer outcomes, and are difficult to treat with standard psychosocial interventions. In addition, improved understanding of the biological basis of the conditions has contributed to a growing interest […]
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence
Abstract Background Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit drug in the world. Demand for treatment of cannabis use disorders is increasing. There are currently no pharmacotherapies approved for treatment of cannabis use disorders. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapies as compared with each other, placebo or supportive care for reducing symptoms of […]