Opioid antagonists with minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal
Abstract Background Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the endpoint of long-term substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effects of opioid antagonists plus minimal sedation for opioid withdrawal. Comparators were placebo as well as more established approaches to detoxification, such as tapered doses of methadone, adrenergic agonists, buprenorphine and […]
Buprenorphine for managing opioid withdrawal
Abstract Background Managed withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the endpoint of substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effects of buprenorphine versus tapered doses of methadone, alpha2-adrenergic agonists, symptomatic medications or placebo, or different buprenorphine regimens for managing opioid withdrawal, in terms of the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome experienced, […]
Psychosocial interventions for psychostimulant misuse
Abstract Background Psychostimulant misuse is a continuously growing medical and social burden. There is no evidence proving the efficacy of pharmacotherapy. Psychosocial interventions could be a valid approach to help patients in reducing or ceasing drug consumption. Objectives To assess the effects of psychosocial interventions for psychostimulant misuse in adults. Search methods We searched the […]
Psychostimulant drugs for cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine dependence is a severe disorder for which no medication has been approved. Like opioids for heroin dependence, replacement therapy with psychostimulants could be an effective therapy for treatment. Objectives To assess the effects of psychostimulants for cocaine abuse and dependence. Specific outcomes include sustained cocaine abstinence and retention in treatment. We also […]
Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people
Abstract Background There are increasing concerns regarding pharmaceutical opioid harms including overdose and dependence, with an associated increase in treatment demand. People dependent on pharmaceutical opioids appear to differ in important ways from people who use heroin, yet most opioid agonist treatment research has been conducted in people who use heroin. Objectives To assess the […]
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal
Abstract Background Withdrawal is a necessary step prior to drug-free treatment or as the endpoint of long-term substitution treatment. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of interventions involving the use of alpha2-adrenergic agonists compared with placebo, reducing doses of methadone, symptomatic medications, or an alpha2-adrenergic agonist regimen different to the experimental intervention, for the management of […]
Antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine dependence is a public health problem characterised by recidivism and a host of medical and psychosocial complications. Cocaine dependence remains a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and the acceptability of antipsychotic medications for cocaine dependence. Search methods This review is an update […]
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine misuse is a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists. Advances in neurobiology could guide future medication development. Objectives To investigate the efficacy and acceptability of dopamine agonists alone or in combination with any psychosocial intervention for the treatment of of people who misuse cocaine. Search methods We run […]
Anticonvulsants for cocaine dependence
Abstract Background Cocaine dependence is a major public health problem that is characterised by recidivism and a host of medical and psychosocial complications. Although effective pharmacotherapy is available for alcohol and heroin dependence, none is currently available for cocaine dependence, despite two decades of clinical trials primarily involving antidepressant, anticonvulsivant and dopaminergic medications. Extensive consideration […]
Pharmacotherapies for cannabis dependence
Abstract Background Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit drug in the world. Demand for treatment of cannabis use disorders is increasing. There are currently no pharmacotherapies approved for treatment of cannabis use disorders. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapies as compared with each other, placebo or supportive care for reducing symptoms of […]